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The southward movement of Germanic tribes during the migration period had left territory later called Pomerania largely depopulated by the 7th century.〔Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p.26, ISBN 83-906184-8-6 〕 Between 650 and 850 AD, West Slavic tribes settled in Pomerania.〔〔Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, pp.29ff ISBN 83-906184-8-6 〕 The tribes between the Oder and the Vistula were collectively known as Pomeranians, and those west of the Oder as Veleti and later Lutici. A distinct Slavic tribe, the Rani, was based on the island of Rügen and the adjacted mainland.〔Werner Buchholz, ''Pommern'', Siedler, 1999, pp.22,23, ISBN 3-88680-272-8〕〔 In the 8th and 9th centuries, Slavic-Scandinavian emporia were set up along the coastline as powerful centers of craft and trade.〔Ole Harck, Christian Lübke, Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. Bis ins 13. Jahrhundert: Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, pp.15ff, ISBN 3-515-07671-9〕 In 936, the Holy Roman Empire set up the Billung and Northern marches in Western Pomerania, divided by the Peene river. The Liutician federation regain independence in an uprising of 983 but succumbed to internal conflicts and disintegrated in the course of the 11th century.〔Joachim Herrmann, ''Die Slawen in Deutschland'', Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, pp.261,345ff〕〔 In late 960s, Polish Piasts acquired parts of eastern Pomerania, where the short-lived Diocese of Kołobrzeg (Kolberg) was installed in 1000 AD. The Pomeranians regained independence during the Pomeranian uprising of 1005.〔Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p.32, ISBN 83-906184-8-6 :pagan reaction of 1005〕〔Werner Buchholz, ''Pommern'', Siedler, 1999, p.25, ISBN 3-88680-272-8: pagan uprising that also ended the Polish suzerainty in 1005〕〔Jürgen Petersohn, ''Der südliche Ostseeraum im kirchlich-politischen Kräftespiel des Reichs, Polens und Dänemarks vom 10. bis 13. Jahrhundert: Mission, Kirchenorganisation, Kultpolitik'', Böhlau, 1979, p.43, ISBN 3-412-04577-2. 1005/13〕〔Oskar Eggert, ''Geschichte Pommerns'', Pommerscher Buchversand, 1974: 1005-1009〕〔Roderich Schmidt, ''Das historische Pommern: Personen, Orte, Ereignisse'', Böhlau, 2007, p.101, ISBN 3-412-27805-X. 1005/13〕〔A. P. Vlasto, ''Entry of Slavs Christendom'', CUP Archive, 1970, p.129, ISBN 0-521-07459-2: abandoned 1004 - 1005 in face of violent opposition〕〔Nora Berend, ''Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' C. 900-1200'', Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.293, ISBN 0-521-87616-8, ISBN 978-0-521-87616-2〕〔David Warner, ''Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg'', Manchester University Press, 2001, p.358, ISBN 0-7190-4926-1, ISBN 978-0-7190-4926-2〕〔Michael Borgolte, Benjamin Scheller, ''Polen und Deutschland vor 1000 Jahren: Die Berliner Tagung über den"akt von Gnesen"'', Akademie Verlag, 2002, p.282, ISBN 3-05-003749-0, ISBN 978-3-05-003749-3〕〔Michael Müller-Wille, ''Rom und Byzanz im Norden: Mission und Glaubenswechsel im Ostseeraum während des 8.-14. Jahrhunderts: internationale Fachkonferenz der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Verbindung mit der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz: Kiel, 18.-25. 9. 1994'', 1997, p.105, ISBN 3-515-07498-8, ISBN 978-3-515-07498-8〕 During the first half of the 11th century, the Liuticians participated in the Holy Roman Empire's wars against Piast Poland.〔Joachim Herrmann, ''Die Slawen in Deutschland'', Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, pp.356ff〕 The alliance broke off when Poland was defeated,〔Joachim Herrmann, ''Die Slawen in Deutschland'', Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.359〕 and the Liutician federation broke apart in 1057 during a civil war.〔Joachim Herrmann, ''Die Slawen in Deutschland'', Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.365〕 The Liutician capital was destroyed by the Germans in 1068/69,〔Joachim Herrmann, ''Die Slawen in Deutschland'', Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.366〕 making way for the subsequent eastward expansion of their western neighbor, the Obodrite state. In 1093, the Luticians,〔Joachim Herrmann, ''Die Slawen in Deutschland'', Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.379〕 Pomeranians〔 and Rani〔 had to pay tribute to Obodrite prince Henry.〔Joachim Herrmann, ''Die Slawen in Deutschland'', Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.367〕 == Migration period == The pattern of settlement in Pomerania started to change in the 3rd century. The prospering material cultures of the Roman Iron Age decayed. Only in some areas a continuity of these cultures is observed until the 5th and 6th centuries.〔 These changes are associated with the migration period, when Germanic tribes migrated towards the Roman Empire.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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